Chinese headwear has a long history. According to some scholars, China used to be called “the Kingdom of Headwear” by people due to its variety of colourful and artistic style of hair ornament. Chinese: 帽; lit. There were various categories for headwear including guan (Chinese: 冠; pinyin: guān; lit. Chinese: 巾; lit. Chinese: 帻; lit. Chinese: 冕; lit. Chinese women, in particular, like to use flowers (either natural or artificial) as hair decorations for centuries; they also wore shubi in their hair and sometimes wore the honggaitou on their weddings. Initially all Mian Guan were worn by emperors, later emperors only wore this type. 6 Chinese people also wore Chinese hairpins. Worn by dukes and crown prince’s servants. Worn by viscounts and barons. Wuliu mian (五旒冕): Five-tasselled Crown. See also: Long Guan, Wu Guan. Han, Myung-Sook; Im, traditional chinese clothing Sung-Kyung (2005-10-01). “A Study on the Artificial Flowers as a Hair Ornament in China”. Proceedings of the Costume Culture Conference (복식문화학회:학술대회논문집). Journal of Cultural Heritage. Zhu, Ruixi; 朱瑞熙 (2016). A social history of middle-period China : the Song, Liao, Western Xia and Jin dynasties. Mai, Huijuan; Yang, Yimin; Jiang, Hongen; Wang, Bo; Wang, Changsui (2017-10-01). “Investigating the materials and manufacture of Jinzi: The lining of Futou (Chinese traditional male headwear) from the Astana Cemeteries, Xinjiang, China”. Bangwei Zhang, Fusheng Liu, Chongbang Cai, Zengyu Wang, Peter Ditmanson, Bang Qian Zhu (Updated ed.). Rites of Zhou Annotation. 云”缫不言皆,有不皆”者,谓王之五冕,缫则有十二,有九,有七,有五,有三,其玉旒皆十二,故缫不言皆。 有不皆者,则九旒已下是也。 玉言皆,则五冕旒皆十二玉也。 每缫九成,则九旒也。 Book of Jin. 卿七旒。 通天冠,本秦制。 Book of Later Han. 王公八旒。 Book of Jin. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. Book of Jin. 远游冠,傅玄云秦冠也。 似通天而前无山述,有展筒横于冠前。 皇太子及王者后、帝之兄弟、帝之子封郡王者服之。 诸王加官者自服其官之冠服,惟太子及王者后常冠焉。 太子则以翠羽为緌,缀以白珠,其馀但青丝而已。 Yiwen Leiju. 秦始皇复古冠貂蝉,汉因而不改。 此内官侍帷幄,受顾问,拾遗于左右,出则负玺以从,秩二千石。 Book of Han. 高山冠,一曰侧注。 制如通天,顶不邪却,直竖,无山述展筒,中外官、谒者、仆射所服。 Feng, Ge; Du, Zhengming (2015). Traditional Chinese rites and rituals. 进贤冠,古缁布冠也,文儒者之服也。 前高七寸,后高三寸,长八寸。 公侯三梁,中二千石以下至博士两梁,自博士以下至小史私学弟子,皆一梁。 宗室刘氏亦两梁冠,示加服也。 Book of Jin. 今王氏一姓乘朱轮华毂者二十三人,青紫貂蝉充盈幄内,鱼鳞左右。 Book of Later Han. 帝因复制《忠静冠服图》颁礼部,敕谕之曰:”祖宗稽古定制,品官朝祭之服,各有等差。第常人之情,多谨于明显,怠于幽独。古圣王慎之,制玄端以为燕居之服。比来衣服诡异,上下无辨,民志何由定。朕因酌古玄端之制,更名’忠静’,庶几乎进思尽忠,退思补过焉。朕已著为图说,如式制造。在京许七品以上官及八品以上翰林院、国子监、行人司,在外许方面官及各府堂官、州县正堂、儒学教官服之。武官止都督以上。其馀不许滥服。”礼部以图说颁布天下,如敕奉行。 按忠静冠仿古玄冠,冠匡如制,以乌纱冒之,两山俱列于后。 冠顶仍方中微起,三梁各压以金线,边以金缘之。 四品以下,去金,缘以浅色丝线。 Book of Later Han. 王莽頂禿,又加其屋也。 《漢注》曰,冠進賢者宜長耳,今介幘也。 冠惠文者宜短耳,今平上幘也。 始時各隨所宜,遂因冠為別。 介幘服文吏,平上幘服武官也。 “进贤冠,古缁布遗象也,斯盖文儒者之服。 前高七寸,后高三寸,长八寸,有五梁、三梁、二梁、一梁。 人主元服,始加缁布,则冠五梁进贤。 三公及封郡公、县公、郡侯、县侯、乡亭侯,则冠三梁。 卿、大夫、八座,尚书,关中内侯、二千石及千石以上,则冠两梁。 中书郎、秘书丞郎、著作郎、尚书丞郎、太子洗马舍人、六百石以下至于令史、门郎、小史、并冠一梁。 汉建初中,太官令冠两梁,亲省御膳为重也。 博士两梁,崇儒也。 宗室刘氏亦得两梁冠,示加服也。 History of Ming. 趙惠文王 , 武靈王 子也。 其初制必甚麤簡,金玉之飾,當即 惠文 後來所增,故冠因之而名。 120″. Book of Later Han. “武冠,俗謂之大冠,環纓無蕤,以青系為緄,加雙鶡尾,豎左右,為鶡冠云。 五官、左右虎賁、羽林、五中郎將、羽林左右監皆冠鶡冠,紗縠單衣。 虎賁將虎文絝,白虎文劍佩刀。 虎賁武騎皆鶡冠,虎文單衣。 襄邑歲獻織成虎文云。 鶡者,勇雉也,其鬥對一死乃止,故趙武靈王以表武士,秦施之焉。 鹖,毅鸟也,毅不知死。 状类鸡,首有冠,性敢于斗,死犹不置,是不知死也。 《左传》:鹖冠,武土戴之,象其勇也。